Unsteady wakes-secondary flow interactions in a high-lift low-pressure turbine cascade

Detailed experimental measurements were conducted to study the interactions between incoming wakes and endwall secondary flow in a high-lift Low-Pressure Turbine (LPT) cascade. All of the measurements were conducted in both the presence and absence of incoming wakes, and numerical analysis was performed to elucidate the flow mechanism. With increasing Reynolds number, the influence of the incoming wakes on suppressing the secondary flow gradually increased owing to the greater influence of incoming wakes on reducing the negative incidence angle at higher Reynolds numbers, leading to a lower blade loading near the leading edge and suppression of the Pressure Side (PS) leg of the horseshoe vortex. However, the effect of unsteady wakes on suppressing the profile losses gradually became weaker owing to the reduced size of the Suction Side (SS) separation bubble and increased mixing loss in the free-flow region at high Reynolds numbers. Incoming wakes clearly improved the aerodynamic performance of the low-pressure turbine cascade at low Reynolds numbers of 25,000 and 50,000. In contrast, at the high Reynolds number of 100,000, the profile loss at the midspan and mass-averaged total losses downstream of the cascade were higher in the presence of wakes than in the absence of wakes, and the unsteady wakes exerted a negative influence on the aerodynamic performance of the LPT cascade.     

横向振动下螺栓连接失效及影响因素研究

针对螺栓连接结构在横向振动下的失效问题进行试验研究,首先,对比相同条件下普通螺母与防松螺母的失效过程,结果表明普通螺母仅出现松动失效,而防松螺母会先出现部分松动,再因螺栓根部疲劳断裂而完全失效。同时在不同类型防松螺母中,Hard-lock螺母和施必牢螺母防松效果明显优于其他防松螺母。其次,考察拆卸次数、振动频率、幅值等因素对螺栓连接失效的影响规律,发现多次拆卸会改变普通螺母的失效形式;相对于振动频率,振动幅值和预紧力对螺栓失效的影响较大。     

端壁抽吸位置对大转角扩压叶栅流场及负荷的影响

实验研究了低速条件下在端壁近吸力面处进行附面层吸除对某大转角扩压叶栅性能的影响.对叶栅出口截面参数和叶片型面静压进行了测量,并在叶片表面及端壁进行了墨迹流动显示.结果表明,端壁抽吸主要影响了吸力面/端壁角区,重新分配叶片根部负荷.在角区未发生分离的位置开始抽吸可有效推迟叶栅内的角区分离,降低损失,改善叶栅端区流动;而在角区已经发生分离的弦向位置开槽吸气则引起了局部回流,恶化了流场,增加了低能流体的掺混和气动损失.     

高校计算机网络实验改革探讨

在对亲身教学经验总结的基础上,笔者考察了众多高校网络实验室建设,揭示了目前高校网络实验的现状,提出了"自主创新"网络实验的概念,并制订了实际方案,拟定了实验方向.通过对"自主创新"网络的实验,取得了比较满意的效果.     

非线性能量阱对飞轮振动抑制效果的实验研究

利用薄片金属梁作为非线性刚度元件，构建一种非线性能量阱。为了验证非线性能量阱对飞轮振动特性的抑制效果，搭建地面飞轮测试系统。分别采用力锤敲击和飞轮以恒定转速运行的方法施加不同载荷，对安装非线性能量阱前后测试系统各典型位置的振动响应进行对比研究。利用实测数据，采用傅里叶变换方法将动态响应信息分别在时间域和频率域内展开。研究表明：力锤敲击产生的冲击载荷和飞轮以恒定转速运行产生的稳态载荷均可以激发非线性能量阱定向能量传输；受非线性能量阱的影响，柔性支架设备安装面和飞轮安装面振动响应得到有效抑制。但是，由于非线性能量阱阻尼和吸振子质量较小，不同程度削弱了其振动抑制效果。     

Motion synchronization in a dual redundant HA/EHA system by using a hybrid integrated intelligent control design

This paper presents an integrated fuzzy controller design approach to synchronize a dis-similar redundant actuation system of a hydraulic actuator (HA) and an electro-hydrostatic actu-ator (EHA) with system uncertainties and disturbances. The motion synchronous control system consists of a trajectory generator, an individual position controller for each actuator, and a fuzzy force tracking controller (FFTC) for both actuators. The trajectory generator provides the desired motion dynamics and designing parameters of the trajectory which are taken according to the dynamic characteristics of the EHA. The position controller consists of a feed-forward controller and a fuzzy position tracking controller (FPTC) and acts as a decoupled controller, improving posi-tion tracking performance with the help of the feed-forward controller and the FPTC. The FFTC acts as a coupled controller and takes into account the inherent coupling effect. The simulation results show that the proposed controller not only eliminates initial force fighting by synchronizing the two actuators, but also improves disturbance rejection performance.     

HB-2 high-velocity correlation model at high angles of attack in supersonic wind tunnel tests

Responding to a need for experimental data on a standard wind tunnel model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, and in the absence of suitable reference data, a series of tests of two HB-2 standard models of different sizes was performed in the T-38 trisonic wind tunnel of Vojnotehnickˇi Institut(VTI), in the Mach number range 1.5–4.0, at angles of attack up to+30°. Tests were performed at relatively high Reynolds numbers of 2.2 millions to 4.5 millions(based on model forebody diameter). Results were compared with available low angle of attack data from other facilities, and, as a good agreement was found, it was assumed that, by implication, the obtained high angle of attack results were valid as well. Therefore, the results can be used as a reference database for the HB-2 model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, which was not available before. The results are presented in comparison with available reference data, but also contain data for some Mach numbers not given in other publications.     

盖板式预旋系统的压比和熵增特性

对预旋系统内的压力变化相关研究较少。基于理论分析、实验测量以及数值计算,对某盖板式预旋系统的压比及熵增特性进行研究。通过理论推导,对预旋系统内压比与无量纲温降的关系进行分析。在最高转速可达10000r/min的高转速实验台上,测量了转盘上的气流静压以及相对总温,进而获得压比及熵增特性。进行三维数值计算,将数值计算结果与实验结果进行了对比,并根据数值计算结果对预旋系统内的熵产分布以及各元件的熵增情况进行分析。结果表明:系统温降以及旋转马赫数大小决定了预旋系统的理想最大压比,而实际压比与理想压比的比值取决于系统内的熵增大小。采用数值计算以及实验测量所得结果对理论关系式进行了验证,最大偏差2.7%。旋转马赫数一定的条件下,随系统无量纲温降增大,系统压比逐渐减小。由于熵增影响,实测压比与理想压比最大相差约36%。预旋系统内的熵增主要发生在预旋腔静止壁面、接受孔前后、供给孔进口等气流旋转比发生剧烈变化的区域。预旋系统内主要元件的熵增随流量增大都呈逐渐增大的趋势,但接受孔处熵增最小值出现在喷嘴出口旋转比等于1左右时,流量过小或过大都会导致接受孔处熵增变大。     

Experimental analysis of the breakage of a liquid bridge under microgravity conditions

The experimental results obtained in experiment “STACO” made on board the Spacelab D-2 are re-visited, with image-analysis tools not then available. The configuration consisted of a liquid bridge between two solid supporting discs. An expected breakage occurred during the experiment. The recorded images are analysed and the measured behaviour compared with the results of a three dimensional model of the liquid dynamics, obtaining a much better fit than with linear models.     

简论高校实验课程的改革

实验教学是高等院校教学过程的一个重要环节,应建立新型的实验室管理模式,从开放实验室和改革教学方法两个方面出发,阐述了实验课程改革的必要性。